Canberra - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Canberra ( or ). With a population of 3. Australia's largest inland city and the eighth- largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), 2. Sydney, and 6. 60 km (4. Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a . It is unusual among Australian cities, being an entirely planned city outside of any state, similar to Washington, D. C. Following an international contest for the city's design, a blueprint by American architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1. The growth and development of Canberra were hindered by the World Wars and the Great Depression, which exacerbated a series of planning disputes and the ineffectiveness of a procession of bodies that were created in turn to oversee the development of the city. The national capital emerged as a thriving city after World War II, as Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies championed its development and the National Capital Development Commission was formed with executive powers. Although the Australian Capital Territory is now self- governing, the Commonwealth Government retains some influence through the National Capital Authority. As the seat of the government of Australia, Canberra is the site of Parliament House, the official residence of the Monarch's representative the Governor- General, the High Court and numerous government departments and agencies. It is also the location of many social and cultural institutions of national significance, such as the Australian War Memorial, Australian National University, Royal Australian Mint, Australian Institute of Sport, National Gallery, National Museum and the National Library. The Australian Army's officer corps is trained at the Royal Military College, Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy is also located in the capital. The ACT is independent of any state to prevent any one state from gaining an advantage by hosting the seat of Commonwealth power. The ACT has voting representation in the Commonwealth Parliament, and has its own independent Legislative Assembly and government, similar to the states. As the city has a high proportion of public servants, the Commonwealth Government contributes the largest percentage of Gross State Product and is the largest single employer in Canberra, although no longer the majority employer. Compared to the national averages, the unemployment rate is lower and the average income higher; tertiary education levels are higher, while the population is younger. Property prices are relatively high, in part due to comparatively restrictive development regulations. Etymology. The word . Cambage in his 1. Discover great things to do in Canberra. Our festivals, national celebrations and events offer you a full year of variety, colour and spectacle. Always be in the know Subscribe to our newsletter for all the latest Canberra news, events and stories.Notes on the Native Flora of New South Wales, Part X, the Federal Capital Territory noted that Joshua John Moore, the first settler in the region, named the area Canberry in 1. In 1. 92. 0, some of the older residents of the district claimed that the name was derived from the Australian Cranberry which grew abundantly in the area, noting that the local name for the plant was canberry. Although popularly pronounced or , the original pronunciation at its official naming in 1. Anthropologist Norman Tindale suggested the principal group occupying the region were the Ngunnawal people, while the Ngarigo lived immediately to the south of the ACT, the Wandandian to the east, the Walgulu also to the south, Gandangara people to the north, and Wiradjuri to the north west. Archaeological evidence of settlement in the region includes inhabited rock shelters, rock paintings and engravings, burial places, camps and quarry sites, and stone tools and arrangements. White settlement of the area probably dates from 1. Sunshine Coast Readers and Writers Festival will be held at Coolum Beach in the heart of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia. Festival events will take place in Coolum Civic Centre, Coolum Surf Club, Jack Morgan Park (two marquees) and Tickle Park with. Discover the Hilltops Region Situated less than an hour from Canberra, the Hilltops Region - Boorowa, Harden & Young - is renowned for glorious undulating countryside. Unique experiences Step back in time to the days of the early colony, enjoy. Acton peninsula by stockmen employed by Joshua John Moore. He formally applied to purchase the site on 1. December 1. 82. 6, naming the property . On 3. 0 April 1. 82. Moore was told by letter that he could retain possession of 1,0. Canberry. Among them was the Campbell family of . Other notable early settlers included the inter- related Murray and Gibbes families, who owned the Yarralumla estate. St John's churchyard contains the earliest graves in the district. Following a long dispute over whether Sydney or Melbourne should be the national capital. Newspaper proprietor John Gale circulated a pamphlet titled 'Dalgety or Canberra: Which?' advocating Canberra to every member of the Commonwealth's seven state and federal parliaments. By many accounts, it was decisive in the selection of Canberra as the site in 1. Charles Scrivener. The NSW government ceded the Federal Capital Territory (as it was then known) to the federal government. In an international design competition conducted by the Department of Home Affairs, on 2. The National Folk Festival is an Australian family-oriented celebration attended by over 50,000 people. Winner of the National Qantas Australian Tourism Award for Best Festival in 2009, it features over 20 stages with vibrant world-class artists, Renowned acoustic chamber-folk trio The String Contingent is comprised of Australians, Chris Stone (violin) and Holly Downes (double bass), with Scotsman Graham McLeod (guitar). Over the past six years and four albums they have reached May 1. 91. 1, the design by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was chosen for the city, and in 1. Griffin was appointed Federal Capital Director of Design and Construction and construction began. History of Canberra as a capital city. At midday on 1. 2 March 1. Griffin's relationship with the Australian authorities was strained and a lack of funding meant that by the time he was fired in 1. By this time, Griffin had revised his plan, overseen the earthworks of major avenues. Some projects planned for that time, including Roman Catholic and Anglican cathedrals, were never completed. From 1. 92. 0 to 1. Federal Capital Advisory Committee, the Federal Capital Commission, and the National Capital Planning and Development Committee continued to plan the further expansion of Canberra in the absence of Griffin; however, they were only advisory, and development decisions were made without consulting them, increasing inefficiency. The Canberra Times described it as . The city's accommodation was not nearly sufficient to house the 1,2. Molonglo River. One of the prominent speakers was H. Wells, who was a guest of the Governor- General Lord Gowrie for a week. This event coincided with a heatwave across south- eastern Australia, during which the temperature in Canberra reached 1. January. On Friday 1. January the Black Friday bushfires caused 7. Victoria, and Wells accompanied the Governor- General on his tour of areas threatened by fires. Canberra was often derisively described as . Over time his attitude changed from one of contempt to that of championing its development. He fired two ministers charged with the development of the city for poor performance. Menzies remained in office for over a decade, and in that time the development of the capital sped up rapidly. The population grew by more than 5. Several Government departments, together with public servants, were moved to Canberra from Melbourne following the war. Government housing projects were undertaken to accommodate the city's growing population. The National Capital Development Commission (NCDC), formed in 1. Lake Burley Griffin. The completion of the lake finally laid the platform for the development of Griffin's Parliamentary Triangle. Since the initial construction of the lake, various buildings of national importance have been constructed on its shores. The newly built Australian National University was expanded, and sculptures and monuments were built. A new National Library was constructed within the Parliamentary Triangle, followed by the High Court and the National Gallery. Suburbs in Canberra Central (often referred to as North Canberra and South Canberra) were further developed in the 1. Woden Valley and Belconnen commenced in the mid and late 1. Many of the new suburbs were named after Australian politicians, such as Barton, Deakin, Reid, Braddon, Curtin, Chifley and Parkes. On 9 May 1. 98. 8. Following the first election on 4 March 1. It has an elevation of approximately 5. AHD. By the early 1. Interest in forestry began in 1. Pinus radiata on the slopes of Mount Stromlo. Since then, plantations have been expanded, with the benefit of reducing erosion in the Cotter catchment, and the forests are also popular recreation areas. The Molonglo River which flows across the Molonglo plain has been dammed to form the national capital's iconic feature Lake Burley Griffin. The Molonglo then flows into the Murrumbidgee north- west of Canberra, which in turn flows north- west toward the New South Wales town of Yass. The Queanbeyan River joins the Molonglo River at Oaks Estate just within the ACT. A number of creeks, including Jerrabomberra and Yarralumla Creeks, flow into the Molonglo and Murrumbidgee. Two of these creeks, the Ginninderra and Tuggeranong, have similarly been dammed to form Lakes Ginninderra and Tuggeranong. Frost is common in the winter months. Snow is rare in the CBD (central business district), but the surrounding areas get annual snowfall through winter and often the snow- capped mountains can be seen from the CBD. The area is not very windy and the breeze is at its strongest from August to November. Canberra is less humid than the nearby coastal areas. Within the central area of the city near Lake Burley Griffin, major roads follow a wheel- and- spoke pattern rather than a grid. Griffin's proposal had an abundance of geometric patterns, including concentric hexagonal and octagonal streets emanating from several radii. However, the outer areas of the city, built later, are not laid out geometrically. Lake Burley Griffin was deliberately designed so that the orientation of the components was related to various topographical landmarks in Canberra. The lakes stretch from east to west and divided the city in two; a land axis perpendicular to the central basin stretches from Capital Hill. This was designed so that looking from Capital Hill, the War Memorial stood directly at the foot of Mount Ainslie. At the southwestern end of the land axis was Bimberi Peak, the highest mountain in the ACT, approximately 5.
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